Protective unit for fluid lines



April 8, 1947. 0, D, BAKER 2,418,743

PROTECTIVE UNIT FOR FLUID LINES Filed Oct. 15, 1943 Patented Apr. 8, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT} ori ice Application ctober'l5, 1943, Serial No. 506,435

11 Claims. (01. 131-153) ""j '1 This invention relates to improvements in pro- 'tective units for fluid lines, and has particular relation to such structures usable in maritime and naval services, although notlimited to such particular service, since its units are applicable for use in other fields of service, and under other conditions. The invention is especially applicable for service under wartime conditions and because of its particular applicability in the protection of marine and naval vessels, the disclosure of the invention is presented in connection with its application in this particular service.

Under wartime conditions, whether naval or maritime, vessels are subjected to attack by torpedoes, bombs, etc., and oftentimes with disastrous results; where the vessel is lost, it oftentimes is accompanied by heavy loss of life: One of the causes of the latter is the presence of inflammable liquids generally carried by the vessels--generally in one or more storage tanls from which it is piped to various parts of the ship for use; where th attack disrupts one or more ofthese lines, the inflammable liquid is released and thus adds its efiect in'destroying the ship. In some cases, these piping lines inolude manually-operable valve for the purpose of meeting emergencies, but these require the presence of seamen to close them at the tim of the emergency, but where the escaping fluid has been ignited, it' becomes diflicult if not'imposs'ible, to

. v 2 of the units. protection against the effects of escaping fluids at all points excepting where the disrupting effeet is made manifest on the supply tank itself.

While the invention, in service, whether in the above and other flelds, includes the piping or conduits of the system under-protection, the

fundamentals of the invention are found in the form of the unit used-in duplication within the, system-and the arrangement of the units within the system in order to provide the desired protection. The units are generally of similar formation and applied to the piping or conduits as individuals and in spaced-apart relation, thus setting up more or less of the characteristics of a series arrangement of units within each of the lines of the system. When so arranged, any one of the units'when brought into protective activity,

instantly changes that portion of the line beyond the unit into inactivity while retaining the line between the unit and the supply tank unaflected as to activity. Hence, although the units are themselves individual in structure and tim they are also co-operative in carrying out the underclose the valve, with the result that the continued escape of the fluid rapidly augments the flre conditions and renders more difiicult the saving of life.

The present invention cannot be completely preventive, due to the fact that if the hit" is at a point where the supply tank is itself disrupted or afiected, it would be impossible to afiord protection against escape of the fluid. But where the hit does not afiect the supply .tank itself, but does affect the piping which carries the fluid to the service points, the escape of fluid becomes limited to a small amount through the automatic action of one or more of the units employed in the system. Forinstance, with aunit applied to the individual pipe passing through the space between adjacent bulkheads, a hit which affected the pipe or pipes within this space would lying purposes of the invention And, due to the particular structure of the unit,

the protective assembly may afford protection of a. diiferent type to the system. Under usual service conditions the units are not materially affected by the service actions. However, should a material and constant leak-condition develop in .the line, it mayresult in a gradual loss of flow at one or more of the distributing stations, the presence of'which will serve as an indicator of the presence of the leak and permit it to be readily found by testing as between stations which do not have the flow reduction and those at which it is present. This is due to the particular arrangement and operation of the unit in service.

To these and other ends, therefore, the nature of which will be more clearly understood as the invention is hereinafter described in detail, said invention consists in the improved combinations and constructions hereinafter more clearly pointed out in the specification, illustrated in the accompanyi'ng drawings, and more particularly pointedout in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference characters indicate similar parts in each of the views- Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of one of the units shown as applied to a tubing section or main forming part of one of the lines of a system being protected thereby.

Figures 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views illus- Hence, the invention will provide trating two difl'erent arrangements of the supply tank and lines leading therefrom and an illustrated assumed arrangement of the units therein.

While the invention is being illustrated in connection with the protection of vessels of maritime and naval services, the invention is not limited to such uses, since it is applicable for use in other services. For instance, it may be applied to installations of water or gas lines-of city systems for the purpose or protection against the effects of bombing or other attacks under which the supply lines would be subject to disastrous rupture and breakage. Other fields of use in which normal operations might be affected under varied conditions, will be more or less apparent. 7

As will be understood, liquid flow relative to an opened valve opening provides no material differences in pressure in the main on'opposite sides of the valve seat, when all dispensing openings are closed; when a dispensing opening is opened, the initial response is a lowering of the pressure on the outlet side of the adjacent unit,

- but since the open tap (dispensingopening) permits flow of the fluid between the supply tank and tap. such initial differential in pressure is rapidly reduced, tending to restore an approximate equalization, but at a lowered pressure value; with the closing of the tap, the pressures rapidly build up until the normal pressure conditions are restored, This represents the normal service operation. In such operation the value of the pressure variations are dependent upon the number of taps which may be concurrently open, but inasmuch as the mains are so arranged as to provide adequate supply when a plurality of taps are open concurrently, the pressure reduction variations are normally small, especially .where, as is usual, the taps are opened only at intervals, and do not provide a continuous drainage.

Where, however, there is a sudden disruption of the main in the zone controlled by the unit,

the volume of fluid being lost is suddenly increased a number of times beyond that which occurs during normal service, and the initial differential in pressure becomes largely increased, and is followed by a rapid flow of the fluid through the main tending to materially decrease the preswith loss of the vessel as a possibility, it is not necessarily so in the absence of fire; but where the fluid mains of an inflammable fluid system are disrupted-thus opening up the fluid supply as feeding source of high combustible nature to the fire-the disaster becomes appalling through the presence of the fire, even though the vessel would not, in the absence of fire, become destroyed. Prior practice attempted to meet the condition by the use of hand valves placed at intervals and designed to be closed by manual action of a member of the crew, but this presents not only a time factor, but requires the crew member to possibly enter the zone of the fire itself, with possible loss of life. To avoid these conditions as far as possible, is the object of the present invention, by providing for an instana unit 5 designed to be mounted in a main or line portion of a supply system designed, for instance, to deliver a gaseous or liquid fluid from a supply source to various dispensing points or stations, the main being indicated at 6. The unit has the characteristics of a valve formation having a base zone I, formed with an inlet Ia and an outlet 1b, suitably threaded to be secured to the main 8. The base zone includes a partition 8 carrying a valve opening 8a, the partition tending to separate the inlet and outlet, excepting for the opening 8a, and with the exception of the normally-closed relief structure presently described; hence, under normal conditions, opening 8a provides for flow of fluid through the base zone to establish the main flow path.

The body of the valve is shown as extending vertically upward from the base zone, but it is readily understood that this is illustrative only, since the body may extend in any direction normal to the main axis. The body is formed of a sectional casing, generally tubular, this being preferred to permit ready assemblage of the unit. The lower section 9 is secured to the base zone, and is preferably internally threaded to permit of the insertion and positioning of a partition H] which is threaded therein to a position about midway of the length of the section, and is itself preferably formed of an inner member Illa and an outer member [0b, threadedly connected, with member ID carrying a central opening I00 for the passage of the valve stem. Partition I0 tends to restrict flow of fluid from the main, but is designed mainly to provide a seat for a spring II, the threaded connection of its parts permitting adjustment of the spring tension.

The valve, indicated at i2, has its body of suitable form to co-operate with the valve opening or seat 8a, a preferred formation being that of the usual pronged type to form a bearing for the valve body end without obstructing fluid flow but providing for proper seating of the valve when the latter is closed. The valve is provided with a stem I2a of a length sufllcient to extend through partition Ill and have its upper end- -preferably provided with an enlargement I2b--designed to abut the under surface of a flexible diaphragm 13. Spring II is carried by-stem i 2a with its ends contacting member Ill and enlargement I2b respectively, and tends to hold valve 12 in its open or raised position.

Numeral 14 indicates a second (middle) tubular section having its lower end internally threaded for attachment to the upper end zone of sec tion 9, and also to receive and position a partition i 5, the lower face of which is preferably concave, as at l5a, the latter normally forming a seat for flexible diaphragm i3, with the peripheral zone of the latter being clamped between diaphragm l5 and the upper edge of section 9. Concave face I511 is provided with a depressed central zone 15b, with the body of the partition provided with an opening I50 for the passage of a piston stem Ida which extends through opening [50 into contact with diaphragxn' I3, the latter completely overlying the end of the stem and recess Nil).

Section I is designed to form the casing section for a piston l6 dimensioned to have a work-- ing fit within the section and be capable of a reciprocating movement in the section whenv revalve of the particular v ems-m,

quired during the operation. Piston It carries the stem portion Isa extending downwardly with its lower end resting on flexible diaphragm IS; the

piston also carries an upwardly-extending stem lib which'carries a valve H at an intermediate point. Valve I1 is designed to co-operate with a valve seat formed in a partition 18 carried by the Ida prior to the insertion of piston i6; after the insertion of the latter, partition is positioned in the section, after which partition i8 can be ac- Y curately adjusted by manipulation through the upper end of section It to ensure that valve ll 7 will accurately seat when the lower end of stem 16a. is in contact with the flexible diaphragm i3 seated on the concave face i511.

Numeral i9 designates the end section of the casing and is closed at one end, with the opposite end zone externally threaded to be secured within the upper end of section It. Section is is of materially less diameter than section it, with the upper end of the latter properly dimensioned to receive section i9. Section is is designed to recelve a piston 20 provided with an upwardly-extending stem 20a which serves to permanently space the piston from the end of the section to in which case, if present, there-nughtbe a ten I dency to slightly open valve IL due to the .mo-'

thereby form a space or chamber 2! above piston 20. In practice, the upper end of stem itb is spaced a small distance from the bottom face of piston 20 when stem 20a, is in contact with the closed end of section i9.

Numeral 22 designates a pipe connecting chamber 2! with the inlet side of the base zone of the unit, while 23 indicates a similar pipe connection extending from the chamber 24 (located between piston .lBand partition l5) and the outlet side of the base zone, pipes 22 and 23 thus placing these chamber in open communication with the base zone on opposite sides of valve openingor seat 8a, permitting these chambers to fill with the content of each under the pressure of the fluid carried within the inlet and outlet sides of the base zone.

The relative diameters of pistons 20 and it are such as to provide a considerable diflerential in area between the respective faces of these pistons exposed to the respective fluid chambers, with the diil'erential favoring the exposed face of piston I6, this difference being such that the pressures on piston 16 render said piston dominant over those on piston 20 during normal operations of the system, thus retaining piston is in its upper position with valve closed, the closed valve limiting the upward travel of piston l6. Piston 20 the system is at rest. v p k ditions, the initial surge when a. tap is-opene'dmay tend to disturb these conditlonsmomentaril mentary change in pressure conditions, but such change, 1'! present, does not affect the operating conditions at valve l2; if the volume being discharged through the tap i considerable per unit of time, a material change in differential values is produced, permitting the :moanentary surge value to be suflicient to render the pressure on piston 20 suiflciently dominant overthat in-chamber 24, as to cause-piston 20 to move piston I6 I downward; a volume such as this could be obtained by opening a number of, taps concurrently,

but since the valve units-are distributed-'-as presently explainedthe volume applicable to a single unit is comparatively small.

Following the initial surge it is obvious that the ensuing flow of fluid through the valve seat 8a will tend to restore the normal differential relationship between inlet and outlet or the base zone, although possibly-at a slightly reduced pressure value while the flow continues; hence, should valve ll be opened-slightly by the surge, it will be closed again by this restoration of differential conditions. It is possible, of course, that there may-be a slight lag in such restoration, due to the fact that connection 23 is located onthe side from which the surge is drawing fluid and therefore directly subject to the drawing effect of the opened tap, while connection 22 is on the opposite side of the valve and therefore subject only to the reduction efiect of the fluid flowing past the open end of the connection; when and if present, its only effect'will be 'to tend to slightly extend the period/of dominant pressure on piston- 20 produced by the initial surge. When the tap is closed, the main resumes its normal condition.

Only the unit in the immediate proximity of the opened tap is thus directly affected, since the remaining units of the main ahead of the one thus made active, are subject only to the flowing fluid in the main, so that there is less variation in difierential values so far as the remaining units are concerned.

As is apparent, the seated valve I! will limit the upward travel of piston I6; hence, the slight space between the upper end of stem I61) and piston 20 'will be instantly closed by the inlet pressure in chamber 2i, by downward movement of piston 20 until such contact is had; this movement of piston 28 may tend to slightly compress the air in chamber 25, but since the normal pressure of the latter is materially below that of the inlet pressure of the main, such compression I is of no material effect in the operation of the piscan move downwardly under the pressure/in space ton 20- downward into contact with the upper end of stem I61) and tend to slightly compress the air content of space 25 above partition i8, but without opening valve ll, due tothe differential in pressure conditions set up by the areal difierences of the two pistons; this is the normal condition when ton. Should valve ll be slightly opened during the service operation, it would permit communication between chambers 25 and 26- the latter being between piston -i6 and partition i8) and permit equalization of the air pressures in the two chambers. .Under normal service operations,

such equalized pressure would be substantially retained, since it would be necessary for piston 20 to raise outof contact with stem l6b to develop conditions for increasing the pressure in chain ber 24, and since suchmovement would simply permit the air content to resume its normal pres-. sure or a slight depression value there would be no material change.

The above presents the normal service conditions of the system, under'which there is no normal material change in the position of valve 12,

Under normal'service conalthough there may be many withdrawals of fluid from the main through the opening of taps.

However, should there be a, violent disruption of the main on the outlet side of the unit, the results will be diiferent. The instant such disruption is made manifest, it is apparent that the large volural resistance to change present under these superior to that on piston IS, with the result that 1 piston will instantly respond to the superior pressure and be moved rapidly downward, moving piston I6 downward with it (aided by the draining effect of the discharging fluid from chamber 24), thus causing the lower end of stem IM to apply pressure on flexible diaphragm I3 to flex the same downward, and thus apply pressure on valve stem I2a, against the tension of spring II, and thereby instantly move valve I2 to its seated position, thus closing valve opening 8a, and stopping the supply of fluid, through the opening. This immediately places the full supply pressure of the inlet side on to piston 20, while the pressure value 1n chamber 24 continues to decrease flexible diaphragm II and spring II. Flexible diaphragm II. in the position shown in Figure l, is not materially strained, since it is 'concaved; however, downward movement of stem IBa materially increases the strain (maximumwhen the diaphragm is at its mid-position) due to the natconditions; during the rapid movement of the parts in presence of main disruption, as previously described, the flexible diaphragm reverses its curvature, passing beyond the mid-position. In addition, spring Ii, which has a tension value slightly greater than-the maximum strain value of the flexible diaphragm when both are at the mid-position of the diaphragm I3 (for a purpose presently described), provides a resistance value against movement downward of piston, I6, al-

ton I6 is subject to the opposing resistance of r flexible diaphragm I3 and spring I I, so that these provide a controlling agency in this respect, with the control of particular characteristic under stood from the following:

In the Figure 1 position of the parts-at which time the system is at rest and filled with the active may remain open-since the point of disruption is on the inlet side of the units of remoter position, but while this would permit a supply from this portion of the main to the point of disruption, such supply is obviously limited due to the small cross-section of the main and the fact that the end of the 'main is closed; hence, not only is the quantity comparatively small in amount, but will be discharged at a slower rate since there would be no supply of air to prevent the formation of a vacuum due to loss of liquid from the closed end of the main excepting at the point of disruption. And while this would reduce the pressure in such remote portion of the line, it will have no material affect on the position of the parts, in presence of spring II, dueto the fact that the upward movement of the flexible diaphragm is limited by contact with the concave face of partition I5. Since the flow of fluid from such remote zone of the main would .be in the opposite direction, there might appear to be conditions for moving piston I6 upward, but such movement is prevented by seated valve Il; piston 20 would not be materially affected, since it could move only the distance provided by the space between it and stem IBb, and the pressure in chamber 2| would not fall materially below atmospheric pressure-if actual depression pressure values were to develop within such remote portions of the main, the flow of fluid would tend to stop since atmospheric pressure is present at the point of disruption.

As is apparent, the arrangement renders piston I5 readily responsive to reduction-in-pressure changes in space 24stem lib is not connected to piston 20, and valve I1 opens downward, the slightly-increased-air pressure conditions in space 25 (due to equalized pressures in chambers or spaces 25 and 26 produced whenever valve I I opens)--aiding in this respect; but actual and material changes in the position of piston I6 fluid-the flexible diaphragm I3 and spring II are at their lowest tension values; hence, in this position, the resistance of these elements is at minimum value and piston I6 is movable downward under small difierences in fluid pressure in chamber 24, thus enabling piston I6 to respond to small service conditions, but with slightif any movement of the piston due to the large area of the piston. Under heavier service conditions, the downward movement of piston It begins to place flexible diaphragm I3 under strain and to innot pass the dead center position, it acts to aug-- ment the resistance of spring II in opposing the downward movement of piston I6; and since both provide for increasing tension during the period, it is apparent that the service range may be considerable, dependent, of course, upon the values placed upon the diaphragm and spring when the unit is formed the values would be determined by the character of the service to be performed by the system. Within this range the return movement of the piston in response to closing of taps is rapid, since the developed power of the diaphragm and spring is augmenting the fluid pressure increase in chamber 24.

When, however, the flexible diaphragm passes its dead center position, the reversal in direction of power application of the flexible diaphragm I3 opposes the spring power-tending to materially neutralize the latter (with this effect greatest just after the diaphragm has passed the dead center zone) and downward movement of piston I6 can downwardly are subject to the activities of the [5 proceed rapidly, since the main control then other words, after the service range has been passed, valve l2 will move to its seat with great rapidityapproaching a snap action.

From this, it is apparent that the service range Q of the unit is determined-not only by the pressure differences in chamber 24, but also by the flexible diaphragm l3 and spring H, these all cooperating in determining the extent of this range.

This permits of the presence of a wide service range without excess unit dimensions, and yet afiords practically a snap closing of valve 1 2 when this range is exceeded, and even though the reduced pressure'in chamber 2| set up by therapid increase of fluid flow in the main would tend to decrease the differential values on opposite sides of valve opening 8a. since the differential value between such opposite sides will then be sufllciently in favor of piston 20 as to ensure the development of the snap action.

While the above description deals with the service conditions and with the conditions produced by disruption of the main,'ther e is an additional condition possible and for which the unit is equipped to meet-the presence of an actual leak in the main of material amount and which is active constantly, but does not itself produce a flow amount in excess of the service range; a

slight leak may not be seriously detrimental to a system, but when it reaches material dimensions, it can become a source of danger.

When such leak develops between successive units, for instance, it provides the initial surge condition followed by the succeeding flow development. If the leak is of material dimensions, the surge will reduce the fluid pressure in chamber 26 with consequent lowering of piston is and opening of valve I'I; since the leak remains constant, piston IE will take a position in which valve li remains constantly open. When normal service operations take place under these conditions, it is apparent that the opened taps will increase the volume being discharged from the main, and therefore still further lower the pressure in chamber 24 during the surge, thus permitting further downward movement of piston iii; if the leak should be of such value as to bring the position of piston l6 close to the lower limit of the service range, it is possible that the surge coming from a succeeding service operation will be sumcient to carry diaphragm l3 past its dead center position, in which case the sudden change in the resistance characteristics produced by the reversal of the strain effect of the diaphragm, may have the effect of actually seating valve i2; or, if valve I2 is not'completely seated, the reversal of diaphragm'l3 may prevent the return of the diaphragm across the dead center, and" thus leave valve l2-partially closed, a fact which will be indicated by the decreased flow at the taps beyond the leak. Should the latter occur, the presence of a leak is made-'manifest-- as would be the case should valve I2 completely close-since the system normally should not present the conditions of a deficiency; by testing various taps, the locationof the leak becomes apparent, since the taps ahead of the leak'would present little or no deficiency.

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From this it is apparent that in addition to the ability to meet the acute emergency conditions or a disrupted main, the unit will also serve to indicate the presenc of a serious leak and '6 'its approximate locatio to piston 20 the pistons are free to move rela-v tive to each other, so far as permitted by the .Due'to the fact that stem lab is not secured spacing between the upper end of stem i617 and should there be seepage of fluid into chambers 25 and 26 around the pistons, due to the fluid pressures on the outer faces of the pistons, the

presence of valve ii enables the equalization of the air pressure in these chambers each time the valve is unseated; the seepage fluid will generally drain to the lower chamber whenever valve ii is opened, and while this may tend to increase the air pressure values in these chambers, the

lmargin between the fluid pressures and atmospheric pressure is of suchextent as to provide no difflculty in this respect.

As will be understood, whenever valv i2 becomes seated, it closes valve opening or port to, and thus practically eliminates fluid pressure from the outlet side of the valve; as a result, the valve will remain seated, due to the fluid pressure in chamber 2!. To open valve it, the unit is provided with a by-pass .30, the opposite ends of which communicate with the inlet and outlet sides of the base zone of the valve. This by-pass is provided with a suitable manuallycontrolled valve 3i ,which is normally closed. but

which, when opened, permits passage of fluid from the inlet to the outlet side of the zone independent of the valve opening 8a, thereby building up th fluidpressure on the outlet side, including the fluid content of chamber 2d, the pressure of the latter then moving piston iB-includlng stem its, itb-to its upper position and raising piston 20. Since spring H has a nonmal tension sufllcient to shift flexible diaphragm is, and has its power increased by compression when valve i2 is closed, the upward movement of valve l6, permits spring ii to raise the valve from its seat to the normally-open position and at the Same time restores the flexible diaphragm to its normal working position indicated in Figure 1.

As indicated above, the unit is particularly designed for service as a part of a system which I includes a plurality of such units. To illustrate this, Figures 2 and 3 illustrate diagrammatically difierent applications of the system to a vessel of the maritime or naval type, Figure 2 showing the supply tank T located in an end zone-preferably the stern-of the vessel, while Figure 3 tank end of the latter in order to preserve the supply in the event of a disruption of the main in the vicinity of the tank.

As is apparent. the unit ahead of the point of disruption 01' a main will instantly become active to close the supply to the portion of the main beyond the active unit, but will have no efiect agency rendered active rapidly (generally instantly) for protecting the supply against excessive outflow such as could provide fuel for a disestrous co'nflagration. Obviously, the units would be valueless where the torpedo attack reaches the tank itself, since the entire tank content is then rendered instantly active to feed the confiagration; when the tank itself is not affected. the units form potential protecting means-for preserving the safety of the tank and vessel by instantly closing the supply of the fluid to the affected point; if more than one main is afiected the closure action takes place in each of the afiected mains by the unit of the affected main immediately in advance of the point of disruption; if a unit itseli' is afiected, the service is taken up by the unit ahead of it-in other words, the outlet side of the unit made active, is always ahead of the point of disruption, and the unit made active is selected by the disruption itself. Hence, where the attack does not directly afiect the tank, the

12 inactive to disturb such fluid delivery, and wherein the unit is rendered active by abnormal or disruptive action of or on the main in the vicinity of the unit to thereby cause the unit to automatically close the main to fluid delivery from the tank to the affected point of the main, such unit comprising a sectional casing having a base zone forming a flow path for the flow of fluid thereareal dimensions, the piston of lesser areal disystem affords a measure of pr i i D venting the supply of large quantities of inflammable fluid to aid and increase the conflagration.

While the unit is being described in connection with maritime and naval service, and in connection with infiammablefluids, it is apparent that it may be employed in other fields and with other fluids or gasses; and use in such fields and for such purposes is contemplated as within the invention. For instance, it may be employed in connection with water or gas mains as a protection measure operating along somewhat similar linesabnormal conditions within the mains due to excessive leakage, or main disruption as a reaction to bombing, seismic disturbances, etc., will illustrate such use. In other words, mains utiliz- 'ing pressure conditions to provide flow of the content, are potential fields of service.

The particular dimensions of parts shown in the drawings are illustrative only; and the speclfic iormsof members of the unit assemblage are more or less illustrative, since the units will generally be designed to meet the particular conditions oi the installation in which they are to be employed. For instance, the service range may differ in different installations, due to the type of service; the pressures used may difler; the fluid may be liquid or gaseous, etc.; these in-. dicate some ofthe features which may control in the specific design and dimensions of the unit. But in each the fundamental characteristics of the invention are present. And while I have shown and described my invention and pointed out its general characteristics,.etc., it will be understood that changes and modifications therein may be found desirable or essential in meetin the exigencies of use or the desires of the user, and I therefore reserve the right to make any and all such changes or modifications therein as may be found necessary or essential insofar as the same may fal1 within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the accompanying claims, when broadly construed.

I claim:

1. A protective control unit for supply mains of fluid supply systems, wherein the system normally provides fluid delivery from a supply tank to service points of the main at will with the unit mension being subject to the pressure conditions of. the inlet side of the seat and the piston 1 larger areal dimensions being subject to the pressure conditions of the outlet side ofthe seat to thereby place the pressure conditions of such outer side as dominant in control of the valve movements in its seating direction. said means also including a pair of resilient elements eo-operg ative as a combined resistance to valve movefor the valve within which the valve movements are ineffective in materially disturbing the delivery flow of fluid through the seat, said elements being additionally co-operative to reduce resistance values during'valve movements in the valveelosing direction beyond such range to thereby provide rapid closing action of the valve in presence of abnormal rate of flow through said unit.

2. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that one of such pair of elements is in the form of a flexible diaphragm active in providing valve movements in the closing direction and in determining limits of the service range.

3. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that one of such pair of elements is in the form of a flexible diaphragm active in providing movements of the valve in closing direction, said element resiliency being active within the service range to augment the progressive resistance to valve closing movement and active beyond such range in decreasing such resistance to aid in providing snap closure of the valve.

4. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that one of the pair of elements is in the form of a compression spring carried by the valve stem, the other of said elements being in the form of a flexible diaphragm positioned to contact the end of such valve stem, said latter element being active in the valve closing movements to augment the resistance of the first element within the the other of said elements being in the form of.

end of such valve stem, said latter element being active in the valve closing movements to augment the resistance of the first element within the service range portion of the valve travel and active in opposition to the first element beyond such range to thereby present resistance-neutralizing activity during movement of the valve to closed position in response to an abnormal rate of flow through said device, whereby. the valve will seat with rapidity after passing the service range limit in the valve closing direction, the flexible diaphragm passing: through a deadcenter position when moving from one extreme position to the other, the compression spring having a power value suficiently greater than that of the diaphragm in the dead-center zone of the latter as to place the spring as a power source for the return of the diaphragm during valve-opening movements of the valve and its stem.

6. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that the piston of larger areal dimension carries an axial stem formation extending in opposite directions from the piston, with one stem portion positioned to co-operate with the other piston and the other stem portion positioned to co-operate with one of the pair of elements to thereby subject the latter to the movements of the piston in the valve-closing direction.

"I. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that the piston of larger areal dimension carries an axial stem formation extending in opposite directions from the piston, with one stem portion positioned to co-operate with the other piston and the other stem portion positioned to' co-operate with one of the pair of elements to thereby subject the 14 zone and the pair of resistance-developing elements, with the partition active to limit the movements of the elements in the direction opposite to the valve-closing direction, said partition having an axial opening for the passage of the stem of the adjacent piston to thereby render the elements responsive to piston movements in the valve-closing direction, movements of the piston in the opposite direction being compensated by element movements produced by the resilient activities or the elements. r

10. A unit'as in claim 1 characterized in that one of the pair of elements is in the form of an imperforate flexible diaphragm carried by the casing and dimensioned to provide a dished contour when positioned in either of its extremes of movement, the movements of theelement on one side of its approximate dead-center position being active in the control of the service range of the unit, the element movements beyond the approximate dead-center position in valve-clos= ing. direction being active in reducing resistance to valve closing movements.

11. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that one of the pair of elements is in the form oi an imperforate flexible diaphragm carried by the casing and dimensioned to provide a dished contour when positioned in either of its extremes of movement, the movements of the element on one side of its approximate dead-center position being active in the control ofthe service range oi the unit, the element movements beyond the approximate dead-center position in valve-closing direction being active in reducing resistance to latter to the movements of the piston in the valve-closing direction, the casing being provided with a partition located intermediate the pistons, with the partition having a valve seat through which the first stem portion extends, said portion carrying a valve adapted to seat on such valve seat and thereby limit the travel oi the piston or larger areal dimension in the direction opposed to the valve-closing direction.

valve closing movements, said element being supported by a partition carried by the casing when the element is in one extreme of element flexing movement, the stem of the closable valve. being in contact with such flexible'diaphragm element 8. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that the casing carries a partition intermediate the piston zone and the pair of resistance-developing elements, with the partition active to limit the movements of the elements in the direction opposite I to the valve-closing direction, said partition having an axial opening for the passage of the stem or the adjacent piston to thereby render the elements responsive to piston movements in the valve-closing direction.

9. A unit as in claim 1 characterized in that the casing carries a partition'intermediate the piston during movements in valve closing direction to thereby cause the closed valve and its stem to support the element in its opposite extreme or movement. v

' one 0.15am.

anemone crran The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'I'EN'IB I Name Date Rhodes .4. May 26, 1936 Riney Aug. 2'1, 1935 Diescher Apr. 24, 1984 Graham June 21, 1927. Rhodes May '26, 1936 1,389,870 Metzger Aug. 80, 19 21 Chisholm Feb 9, 1937 1 

